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Tay-Sachs disease (TSD, Hexosaminidase A deficiency)
Telangiectasias
Small
enlarged blood vessels near the surface of the skin 1 to 3 mm in width and
several mm to centimeters in length.
Teratogen
Anything that can cause a birth defect such as a maternal
condition (diabetes, PKU) , a drug (alcohol), a medication (valproic acid,
isotretinoin) , an infectious agent (toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus) or a
physical agent (ionizing radiation).
Testicle (Testis)
Either of the two male reproductive organ found in the pouch (scrotum) below
the penis. The testicles produce sperm and sex hormones.
Testosterone
A steroid hormone produced by the Leydig cells of the
testicles (and to a lesser extent the ovaries and adrenal glands) that promotes
the development of secondary male sexual characteristics.
Normal Values
Male: 10 - 35 nmol/L (3 - 10 ng/mL)
Female: Less than 3.5 nmol/L ( < 1 ng/mL)
Prepubertal boys and girls: 0.17 - 0.7 nmol/L (0.05 -0.2 ng/mL)
Tetralogy of Fallot
Thalassemia
A group of inherited blood disorders
characterized by moderate to severe anemia. Thalassemias are
caused by defects in the genes that control production of globins, the building
blocks of hemoglobin (the oxygen carrying molecule in red blood cells).
The two main types of thalassemia are alpha-thalassemia and beta-thalassemia
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Hemoglobin |
Thrombocytopenia
A lower than normal number (count) of platelets in the blood. Platelets are cell fragments in the blood
that help to form blood clots.
150,000 to 450,000 platelets per microliter (x 10–6/Liter)
Persons with low platelet numbers may experience
nosebleeds, gum bleeding , bruises and small red pinpoints on the skin
(petechiae). Rarely persons will experience bleeding into the
urine, gastrointestinal tract, or into the head with very low platelet numbers.
Common causes of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy include:
Gestational thrombocytopenia
Pre-eclampsia
HELLP syndrome
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Drugs
Heparin, quinine, quinidine, zidovudine, sulfonamides,
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gold compounds, sulfonamides, rifampin, valproic
acid, phenytoin , digitalis ranitidine, cimetidine, procainamide, ampicillin,
penicillin, alpha-methyl dopa, ethanol, aspirin, acetaminophen, indocin
Less common:
Systemic lupus Erythematosus, antiphospholipid syndrome, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
, B12 or folate deficiency, hyperthyroidism, massive transfusion, prosthetic heart valves,
thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (TTP), sepsis , disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
, hypersplenism, hemolytic uremic syndrome, hereditary thrombocytopenias, alcoholism,
leukemia, aplastic anemia
Thrush (Candidiasis)
A yeast (Candida) infection of the tongue , mouth , and
throat characterized by white patches and ulcers. Thrush is usually seen in
infants , but occurs with increased frequency in adults with diabetes or HIV.
Titer
The concentration of an antibody in the blood .
The titer is measured by diluting a sample until the antibody is no longer
detectable.
The result is given as the reciprocal (inverse) of the last dilution giving a measurable
effect.
Example:
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A blood sample (tube 1) has
been diluted by 1/2 to produce tube 2, tube 2 was
diluted by 1/2 to
produce tube 3 and so forth.
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A substance was added to each
tube to detect antibody.
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The 4th tube is the last dilution
at which the antibody is detected, and it is 1/8 th the
strength of the original
sample.
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The titer of the antibody is
therefore 8.
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1
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2
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3
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4
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5
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6
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1:1
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1:2
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1:4
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1:8
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1:16
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1:32
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Tocolytic
An agent that decreases uterine contractions.
Toxemia (Preeclampsia)
Transposition of the great arteries (TGA, Transposition of
the Great Vessels, TGV )
A birth defect of the heart in which the the aorta and
the pulmonary artery are switched (transposed). The aorta arises from the right
ventricle instead of from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery arises
from the left ventricle instead of arising from the right ventricle. In
transposition of the great arteries the blood from the body enters the right
side of the heart and flows into the aorta back to the body without receiving
oxygen from the lungs.
While in the uterus the fetus is able to maintain adequate delivery of oxygen
to the body because the formen ovale allows mixing of blood between the right
and left atrium and the ductus arteriosus allows mixing of the blood between the
pulmonary artery and the aorta. After delivery the baby will become blue due to lack of oxygen if these structures are
not kept open.
Then ductus may kept open using drugs and the
foramen ovale can be enlarged with a catheter procedure which is performed in
the first few days of life. An "Arterial Switch Operation" carried out
in the first week or two of life corrects the primary abnormality. The
small coronary arteries, which feed the heart muscle are
transferred as well.
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